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The skeleton of a ‘giant’ was in reality a sculpture by an Italian artist. Presented with evidence that contradicts a popular belief, people have a tendency to ditch the facts first.about. Let us take a couple of contextual examples to understand the term. They have to prioritise investigations based on the urgency afforded to the matter.The Post-truth EraConsider how far Donald Trump is estranged from fact. In June 2016, the given news broke. A self-confessed ‘nationalist’, he says he keenly watches and forwards videos on the Army’s offensive in Jammu and Kashmir and other parts of the country. Greater involvement and visibility for scientists and the scientific community.Some Tools Bust Myths* Google reverse image search is favoured by all of the Indian myth-busters.

As the world debates on fake news and its multiple dimensions, authoritarian regimes across the world are making it an excuse to censor free speech and ensure conformity.Indeed, our responses to everything from natural disasters to terrorist attacks have been disrupted by the spread of false news online. However, it is largely about false news, news that does not exist or perhaps exist in a totally different form. However, if a video is involved, that takes precedence over all else.Debunking Fake NewsVisual cues, such as photos and graphics, portraying Modi as the saviour of the nation, alongside memes mocking the other parties’ candidates were shared on social media by a team of dedicated Modi supporters.While websites like AltNews rake up to a million views a month, the lack of human resources to counter people like Vijeta adds another layer of challenge. They call for a new drive of interdisciplinary research to reduce the spread of fake news. It is pertinent to note that the Indian Information and Broadcasting Minister Smriti Irani, recently speaking at the Rising India Conclave of Network 18, had categorically noted that the Indian government is debating on the contours of a law to prevent fake news online. The truth has powerful forces on its side.On the other hand, Ram Puri, a software engineer, believes that WhatsApp traffic is vital for generating public opinion."Multiple videos were circulated on WhatsApp allegedly showing Indian Muslims celebrating the victory of Pakistan.com, hoax-slayer.There is a higher onus on those that they trust to do more.The most essential part of trolling is convincing your victim that either a) you truly believe in what you are saying no matter how outrageous or b) give your victim malicious instructions under the guise of help. The astronaut and other modern touches were added to that church during the 1992 restoration. An independent legal system has mechanisms to establish truth.Tackling False News and Post-truth JournalismBoth technology companies and governments have started to make efforts to tackle the challenge of ‘post-truth politics’.Why Post-truth?Post-truth politics has many parents. Technology has helped spreading single rumours like the discovery of the Higgs boson or the 2010-Haitian earthquake and multiple rumours from a single disaster event like the 2013-Boston Marathon Bombing.in, also counters ‘news’ or public statements that may be fake. WhatsApp profile pictures can be used by ISIS for terror activities: A WhatsApp forward requested ‘mothers’ and ‘sisters’ to delete their WhatsApp profile pictures for security purposes.Elaborating on the role of mobile-based messenger applications, he remains cautiously fearful of the role of WhatsApp.

Humility and the acknowledgment of past hubris would help.Grim Conclusions of the Largest Study of Fake News"Falsehood flies, and truth comes limping after it," Jonathan Swift once wrote.Tackling Fake News: The South East Asian WayIn a recent turn of events on April 3, Prime Minister Narendra Modi overruled an executive order issued a day earlier that sought to penalize journalists for publishing fake news.Pro-truth Lobby Needs to Stand and be CountedTo counter this, mainstream politicians need to find a language of rebuttal. Securitizing fake news. "We also need to strengthen existing institutions like the Press Council of India," he adds. The said order sought to amend the Guidelines for Accreditation of Journalists. For example, Ethiraj and Jacob of Boom FactCheck recommend contacting local police when the news clearly relates to a smaller locality.* TinEye also allows readers to check if images have been manipulated.The most worrying factor for media rights advocates is that several countries are promoting new legislations or expanding existing regulations to make publishing fake news an offence. When lies make the political system dysfunctional, its poor results can feed the alienation that harbour post-truth in the first place. Turkish politicians claim that the perpetrators of the recent bungled coup were under the CIA.5. The worst part of post-truth politics, though, is that this self-correction cannot be trusted.The term fake news has entered the lexicon of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), whose leaders commended the work done by their governments in countering its spread.What this means is that, a lot of the time, social and mainstream media feed off one another to get more eyeballs. Some are noble. Websites such as Postcard News, an Indian version of Breitbart, have cropped up and made a successful business model out of fake news.But corrosive forces are also at play, one being anger. Indian ministers have often been called out for sharing images and information on social media that is in fact untrue. It can be as basic as distinguishing an opinion piece from a news piece and breaking down articles and identifying things like sources, facts and analyses.* InVid has developed a browser application that allows people to add video links into it.So, would a fake news legislation help clamp down on these elements? Lawyer Apar Gupta says that India has the most prescriptive speech laws for a democratic country and a law on fake news might end up encouraging censorship. Fake news prospers, the authors write, "Because humans, not robots, are more likely to spread it.

Trolling does not mean just making rude remarks – shouting swear words at someone doesn’t count as trolling and is considered flaming. 1MDB is being investigated in at least six countries for money-laundering. A sceptical analysis of leaders is the first step to reform.Bangalore-based Check4spam. Salt shortage in India: WhatsApp messages of a salt shortage in November 2016 triggered panic buying at markets past midnight. The journalists were up in arms against the order and called it a direct attack on the freedom of expression thereby forcing the government to step back. Communism perished because people were prepared to challenge the official propaganda.More interestingly, those participating in this blitzkrieg action are not just a party’s online foot soldiers, but also members of Parliament as well as ministers. Content may be judged based on how many views a post gets, creating an atmosphere based on click bait that appeals to emotion. New notes have radioactive ink: This is another result of demonetisation.In 2015, for instance, the police said WhatsApp messages had led to a man being lynched in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, and four beatings in nearby Gandhinagar.in and @altnews_in — to counter "deliberate underground political propaganda".Finally, it is the protracted efforts of the Civil Society, assisted by a movement for Media Literacy through academia and alternative media that can to an extent combat the menace of false, fake, post-truth news and trolling. It has detained at least 29 journalists since Nobel peace laureate Aung San Suu Kyi came to power in 2016. It involves taking the topic at hand you Wholesale Oxford fabric were being trolled with, and use it against the said troll.Contributed by Professor Ujjwal K ChowdhuryThe author is currently the School Head, School of Media, Pearl Academy, of Delhi and Mumbai. Recently the founder-editor of Postcard News was arrested in Karnataka on ground of spreading enmity between communities.One such template acquired by Al Jazeera, created on a Google document, shows the  centralised nature of a social media campaign.S.

According to the now-defunct guidelines, the accreditation of a journalist would have stood cancelled if he/she would have been found to create and propagate fake news by regulating agencies. Photographs are not just being stolen – they are also being morphed or altered. UNESCO declares ‘Jana Gana Mana’ best National Anthem: This is another favourite Indian rumour involving the UNESCO.Going beyond the web by contacting official institutions to verify a story also helped in a number of cases.This method may have its limitations: many times, well-known people such as politicians or journalists share fake news and doctored images accidentally. A clever combination of two historical photographs created the image of the members of Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh saluting before the British queen.Huy Vannak, the undersecretary of state at the Cambodia’s Interior Ministry, told Reuters, "Everyone, including ordinary citizens, has to fight against fake news because fake news is like poison or a gun and it can kill our beautiful society. The questioning of institutions and received wisdom is a democratic virtue. He has been earlier a Research Fellow with the Ford Foundation, in Mumbai University. "The only driving force in fake news in the existing, strongly-held bias among people," he insists.The blame for this problem cannot be laid with our robotic brethren. Although we cannot claim that novelty causes retweets or that novelty is the only reason why false news is retweeted more often, we do find that false news is more novel and that novel information is more likely to be retweeted. In short, the most trustworthy users can boast every obvious structural advantage that Twitter, either as a company or a community, can bestow on its best users.Pratik Sinha of Alt News reveals that he does the same with videos by breaking them into frames and then putting these stills in the reverse image search. They found that false news was more novel.The new study suggests that it will not be easy.

Although at one time, it may have been appropriate to think of fake news as referring to the veracity of a news story, we now believe that this phrase has been irredeemably polarized. "In this era of post-truth politics, it’s easy to cherry-pick data and come to whatever conclusion you desire" and "Some commentators have observed that we are living in a post-truth age" are two sentences that delineate the meaning of post-truth.As news of two Indian soldiers allegedly beheaded by Pakistan broke, several thousand WhatsApp groups came alive.4."These news articles or videos are run by either individuals or entities that have a certain ideological bias.Recently, the Philippines’ corporate regulator revoked the operating licence of Rappler, a news site whose scrutiny of President Rodrigo Duterte’s deadly war on drugs has been a thorn in his side.A couple of months after the Jharkhand incident, amidst a communal flare-up in the state of West Bengal, a BJP leader, Vijeta Malik, shared a screenshot from a local feature film showing a woman being molested by Muslims. They classified news as true or false using information from six independent fact-checking organizations that exhibited 95 to 98 percent agreement on the classifications. Sinha explains, "Sometimes, I break a video into frames and then search for the original.3. While serious news organizations are mulling possible measures to contain the journalistic menace, there is a worrisome global trend that is surfacing – labelling anti-establishment news as fake news and crushing the very essence of democracy. Post-truth differs from the traditional contesting and falsifying of truth by relegating truth to be a concern of secondary importance. Whereas the truth rarely diffused to more than 1,000 people, the top one percent of false-news cascades routinely diffused to between 1,000 and 100,000 people.The hoax slayers also refer to verified accounts on social media such as Twitter or Facebook. Boom FactCheck did exactly that in assessing the validity of a story about a violent abduction in the state of Rajasthan.Jain puts the responsibility of this epidemic on the information consumers. The pursuit of ‘fairness’ in reporting often creates phoney balance at the expense of truth. It then provides detailed analysis about the video in question.6. Stronger government action.The Business of Fake News"If you tell a lie big enough and keep repeating it, people will eventually come to believe it".

These fact-guided users have also been on Twitter for longer, and they are more likely to be verified.2. The internet allows people to choose where they get their information, allowing them to reinforce their own opinions.2. The website gets further momentum when shared by prominent BJP leaders and right-wing influencers.Well-intentioned journalistic practices bear blame too."Politics is dirty, and now everyone is employing fake news as a strategy for power play," he said citing false claims by the opposition about a railway project signed by the ruling party. Any politician who makes contradictory promises to different audiences will soon be exposed on Facebook or YouTube.Novelty attracts human attention, contributes to productive decision-making and encourages information sharing. Forensic reports later proved that the meat was not that of a cow. presidential election. The Gurugram police, however, denied that any followers of Islam were arrested in connection to the event. From 2006 to 2016, Twitter bots amplified true stories as much as they amplified false ones. Improve the technological tools for fact checking. The site gets 250,000 visitors in a month on an average.How Is Fake News Circulated?Surprisingly, fake news production and circulation seem rather meticulous and well- organised. It was exposed by Mumbai-based businessman Pankaj Jain who runs the SM Hoax Slayer.In the given context, it is important to understand certain associated terms so that things can be put in perspective.8. People segment organisations into those they trust and those that they believe are there to entertain them. Yet, looking at the social media user profiles, while not necessarily helpful in judging the credibility of the news, helps in uncovering the agenda behind the news. Most of these websites that we have come across are run by non-journalists whose goal is to twist public opinion," says Jency Jacob, the managing editor of Boom, an initiative to counter false news.In our current political climate, a fluid terminology has arisen around ‘fake news’, foreign interventions in politics through social media and our understanding of what constitutes news, fake news, false news, rumours, rumour cascades and other related terms. While it was widely believed that the attackers came from a fringe, right wing Hindu group called the Shri Rajput Karni Sena, many netizens shared the news that the men that pelting stones at the school bus were Muslims. He argues that a convergent set of developments have created the conditions of post-truth society: the political communication informed by cognitive science, which aims at managing perceptions and beliefs of segmented populations through techniques like micro-targeting which includes rumours and falsehoods; the fragmentation of modern and more centralized media; the attention economy marked by information overload, user-generated content and fewer trusted authorities to distinguish between truth and lies, accurate and inaccurate; the algorithms which govern what appears in social media and search engine rankings, based on what users want and not on what is factual; and news media which have been marred by plagiarism, hoaxes, propaganda and changing news values.Contrary to conventional wisdom, robots accelerated the spread of true and false news at the same rate, implying that false news spreads more than the truth because humans, not robots, are more likely to spread it. It was hyperbole three centuries ago.

All except one of those videos was genuine; it was from Indian-administered Kashmir," he recalls. While false stories outperform the truth on every subject — business, terrorism and war, science and technology and entertainment — fake news about politics regularly does best. In India, some of the most out-of- the-blue cases of images taken out of their original context include a story claiming that an old Hindu temple carried images of modern technology – such as an astronaut — or that researchers unearthed the 80-foot- long skeleton of Ghatotkacha, a giant described in the Mahabharata epic. The data comprise 126,000 stories tweeted by 3 million people more than 4.It is tempting to think that supporters might realize their mistake when policies, sold on dodgy prospectuses, start to fail. Fake news with stolen and doctored images is found worldwide and could even lead to real social strife.Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Sen regularly accuses critical media outlets of spreading ‘fake news’. Some of the leading grassroots citizens driven anti false-news initiatives as of today are:(1) Boom FactCheck (BFC), established by Govindraj Ethiraj;(2) Social Media Hoax Slayer (SMHS), started and run by Pankaj Jain;(3) Pratik Sinha’s Alt News and(4) check4spam.Governments across countries in Southeast South Asia have been consistently striking at the very concept of press freedom in the name of curbing fake news.All rumour cascades were investigated through six independent fact-checking organisations (snopes. Whereas false stories inspired fear, disgust, and surprise in replies, true stories inspired anticipation, sadness, joy and trust. It broke on the 2016 Independence Day.Yet, these do not encompass the most depressing finding of the study.In 2016, ‘post-truth’ was chosen as the Oxford Dictionaries’ Word of the Year subject to the Brexit referendum and the U.Post-truth and Social MediaSocial media adds a dimension, as user networks can become echo chambers where one political viewpoint dominates and scrutiny of claims fails, allowing a parallel media ecosystem of websites, publishers and news channels to develop, which can repeat post-truth claims.Philip Bowring, a former editor of the news magazine Far Eastern Economic Review, which closed in 2009, said ‘fake news’ is ‘a convenient phrase’ for governments that would in any case find ways to crimp press freedom. Also, often those messages ‘forwarded as received’ are also easily edited to suit one’s agenda," he adds.In 2015, media and politics scholar Jayson Harsin coined the term ‘Regime of Post-Truth’ covering many aspects of post-truth politics.Fake and False NewsThere is a conceptual error here. Boom’s sister organisation, factchecker.However, there is a distinct possibility of the government re-introducing the measure in some form or the other. "It is extremely dangerous and no political party is working to stop it," he says.Post-truth as a ConceptPost-truth represents a situation when facts take the backseat and emotional appeals and personal beliefs start shaping public opinion. The spread of falsehood was aided by its virality, meaning that falsehood did not simply spread through broadcast dynamics but rather through peer-to peer diffusion. But perhaps no more! The massive new study published recently in Science analyzes every major contested news story in English across the span of Twitter’s existence—some 126,000 stories, tweeted by 3 million users, over more than 10 years.

Popular trust in expert opinion and established institutions has tumbled across the Western democracies.False news can drive the misallocation of resources during terror attacks and natural disasters, the misalignment of business investments and misinformed elections. Signs that your trolling is successful – your victim screaming in all-caps at you or making personal attacks or making a crude remark, before quickly logging off. It allows you to upload an image online and then search for where it may have appeared. Spamming isn’t trolling either.com, and urbanlegends. In an article for the journal Global Policy, Prof..com, factcheck. They are scornful of assertions that the euro would improve their lives or Saddam Hussein had weapons of mass destruction.com, an organisation that works on exposing hoaxes, says it is having trouble keeping up with flow of requests to verify false news.One of the most common techniques of the fake news industry is to take images out of context.Post-truth has also been abetted by the evolution of the media. A week later, it turned out that the video was shot in 2011 and the men were Spanish drug dealers.com initiated by Shammas Oliyath and Bal Krishn Birla.Thailand already has a cyber-security law under which the spread of false information carries a jail sentence of up to seven years. The study finds that fake news and rumours reach more people, penetrate deeper into the social network, and spread much faster than accurate stories. Second, fake news evokes much more emotion than the average tweet. The importance of verifying a story with the authorities was recently confirmed when a school bus was attacked by goons in the city of Gurugram. Kennedy.Myanmar has assailed foreign news organisations for spreading ‘fake news’ about a military crackdown in its Rakhine state that triggered the exodus of more than 650,000 Rohingya Muslims to Bangladesh.Soroush Vosoughi, Deb Roy and Sinan Aral in their seminal study on false and true news, investigated the differential diffusion of all of the verified true and false news stories distributed on Twitter from 2006 to 2017.Trump is the leading exponent of "post-truth" politics – a reliance on assertions that ‘feel true’ but have no basis in fact.The study has already prompted alarm from social scientists. Many voters feel let down and left behind.Data scientist Rishabh Srivastava says fake news in India is of deeper concern since it is primarily spread through WhatsApp.As politicians have developed a political strategy of labelling news sources that do not support their positions as unreliable and sources that support their positions as reliable, the term has lost all connection to the actual veracity of the information presented.In short, social media seems to systematically amplify falsehood at the expense of the truth, and no one—neither experts nor politicians nor tech companies—knows how to reverse that trend. UNESCO declares new Rs 2,000 note Best Currency in the world: This is another fake UNESCO certificate for India after demonetization. False rumours have affected stock prices.* The free video to jpg converter transforms video into images that can then be searched separately. RBI declares the Rs 10 coin invalid: Months before demonetisation was announced, the message that the RBI had declared the Rs 10 coin invalid spread through WhatsApp.3.The fake news slayers have to be particularly good at using reverse image search engines, such as TinEye.As dystopian as it may seem, the fake news problem in India is very real.

The quote that is often, and ironically, wrongly attributed to Joseph Goebbels – the propaganda minister during Nazi Germany – perhaps best sums up what’s happening in India.Reverse image searching also helps to counter the doctors of doctored images.7. In this environment, post-truth campaigns can ignore fact checks or dismiss them.Falsehood was found to diffuse significantly farther, faster, deeper, and more broadly than the truth in all categories of information, and the effects were more pronounced for false political news than for false news about terrorism, natural disasters, science, urban legends or financial information. A reverse image search enables the searcher to find when the image had been used before – if it had – and, obviously, finding earlier sources makes it possible to compare the images and find the adulterations."In Malaysia, Prime Minister Najib Razak has accused opponents of using the media to spread fake news on a scandal over state fund 1Malaysia Development Berhad (1MDB).The fear is that, rather than focusing on false stories published on social media, authoritarian leaders will use the new laws to target legitimate news outlets that are critical of them.Combating False News in IndiaIndia, one of the biggest internet markets in the world, has its share of trouble with fake news, but Indian society has also given birth to important initiatives to tackle the issue."Why does falsehood do so well? An MIT team settled on two hypotheses. John Nery, the associate editor and a columnist at the Philippine Daily Inquirer, which has also come under attack from the government, said ‘fake news’ is now glibly used by people who don’t like what they hear.Political commentators have identified post-truth politics as ascendant in American,Australian, Bavarian, British, Chinese, Indian, Japanese, Russian, Spanish and Turkish politics, as with other areas of debate, driven by a combination of the 24-hour news cycle, false balance in news reporting, and the increasing ubiquity of social media.5 million times.com, politifact. Mohammad Akhlaq was murdered by a mob in his village house in Uttar Pradesh the same year after villagers said they had seen pictures on WhatsApp proving he had slaughtered a cow. Content which gets more views is continually filtered around different internet circles, regardless of its legitimacy.Some Top False Stories in Contemporary India1. The most important challenge here is to ensure that such state-led efforts are not used as a tool for censorship. New notes have a GPS chip to detect black money: This rumour proliferated after PM Modi announced demonetisation."I get to know if there is an incident in the country before it hits the headlines on a TV channel," he says.And he is not alone! Members of Poland’s government assert that a previous president, who died in a plane crash, was assassinated by Russia.org, truthorfiction. However, the larger issue is still one of media literacy and the fight against fake news still needs to be led by mainstream legacy media. It took the truth about six times as long as falsehood to reach 1,500 people.In the given context, it is important to define post-truth politics (also called post-factual politics and post-reality politics) as a political culture in which debate is framed largely by emotional appeals, and by the repeated assertion of talking points ignoring factual rebuttals.Counter-trolling (or reverse trolling) is an effective method of redeeming yourself after being trolled.com) by parsing the title, body, and verdict (true, false, or mixed) of each rumour investigation reported on their websites and automatically collecting the cascades corresponding to those rumours on Twitter. He is a member of 10 WhatsApp groups and receives almost 500 messages an hour.Experts say fake or false news falls in two categories — so-called news articles and videos published by various websites, Twitter handles, Facebook pages and YouTube channels; and the other, WhatsApp forwards that go viral. When we cite fake news, it is presumed that there is an original piece of news which is being faked.

Additionally, a blitzkrieg strategy is adopted on social media, wherein BJP followers post tweets and messages taken from a common template created in advance, with the idea of pushing a suitable ‘trend’ to popularity. Data analytics can show us the ethnicity and gender profile of those forwarding a certain piece of news that help us determine whether it is false or not but the nature of WhatsApp encryption makes it difficult to counter it, he adds.But how do these hoax-slayers dig out the lies? While software tools are used to trace videos on YouTube, key words are reverse googled to find the original context.In the final three months of the US presidential campaign, the top-performing fake election news stories on Facebook generated more engagement than the top stories from major news outlets such as the New York Times, Washington Post, Huffington Post, NBC News, and others, a BuzzFeed News analysis has found.Both true and false information spread rapidly through online media.Democracies have institutions to help, too. As revealed on SMHS, the image of the astronaut on the ‘temple’ turned out to originate from the New Cathedral in Salamanca."If a politician is at the forefront of spreading fake news, we give that priority," he explains. In all, seven people lost their lives in two separate incidents in Jharkhand, in a fury that was based on falsified social media information. A defining trait of post-truth politics is that campaigners continue to repeat their talking points, even if the same are found to be untrue."It allows you to forward a message and then completely delete it from your own system, thereby shedding responsibility. He inhabits a fantastical realm where Barack Obama’s birth certificate was faked and he founded the Islamic State, the Clintons are killers and the father of a rival was with Lee Harvey Oswald before he shot John F.4. Nayef Al-Rodhan suggested four particular responses:1. "Videos are a high priority, because they are always so dangerous," he illustrates with the example of a series of fake videos that went viral after India lost a cricket match against Pakistan in June.First, fake news seems to be more ‘novel’ than real news.Pankaj Jain feels the fake news machinery is not designed to serve the interests of just one political entity or ideology.Trolling: What and When Successful?Trolling is the art of deliberately, cleverly, and secretly pissing people off, usually via the internet.

The MIT team found that the users who share accurate information have more followers, and send more tweets, than fake-news sharers.In another instance, a photo meant to show a younger, humble Modi sweeping the floors went viral, and was later debunked as a doctored image of another man. A video purportedly showing the beheading, one by a chainsaw and another knifed in the throat while singing Vande Mataram, went viral. Defining what is true and false has become a common political strategy, replacing debates based on a mutually agreed on set of facts.The digital culture allows anybody with a computer and access to the internet to post their opinions online which may become legitimized through echo-chambers. "While WhatsApp isn’t the only platform, in India, it does play an important role in circulation of fake news," he explains.Pratik Sinha, a 35-year- old Ahmedabad-based software techie, co-founded a website and Twitter handle — altnews. It can take an hour or a whole day," says techie Sinha. This could be as simple as breaking down an article and educating readers how they work.Signs that your trolling is unsuccessful – your victim identifying you as a troll or your efforts being ignored or being counter-trolled. Unfortunately, although the amount of false news online is clearly increasing, the scientific understanding of how and why false news spreads is currently based on ad hoc rather than large-scale systematic analyses.

The economies are not immune to the spread of falsity either.Psychological solutions include the so-called fake news ‘vaccine’. And has been earlier the Dean of Media in Symbiosis and Amity Universities, and Whistling Woods International.The government of Singapore, where curbs on free speech have often been criticised by human rights advocates, is planning legislation to tackle fake online information. New social technologies, which facilitate rapid information sharing, can enable the spread of misinformation. The fragmentation of news sources has created an atomised world in which lies, rumour and gossip rule.Their study shows that falsehood also reached far more people than the truth. For instance, a news portal called The Quint has started a section called Webquf that debunks fake news. UNESCO declares PM Modi Best Prime Minister: UNESCO has been one of the primary alleged sources of fake news in India.

The black Labrador mix showed up on George Speirings front porch in Lower Burrell, 10 miles (16 kilometers) west of Apollo.Apollo: A family has been reunited with its dog 10 years after the dog went missing.Suiervelds family has planned a reunion dinner on Sunday to welcome Abby back.Debra Suierveld and her family assumed their dog Abby had died after she ran away in 2008 from their home in Apollo, but decade-old sadness turned to joy China 600D Oxford fabric Factory on Saturday when Suierveld received word someone had found the dog.Someone had taken good care of Abby over the years."."She cried," Suierveld told the Tribune-Review. "Its pretty awesome."She would lie on the floor and cross her paws, and she remembers my daughters commands, and she remembers the commands I taught her," Suierveld told KDKA-TV."It feels like a part of my kids childhood is back, part of our family is back," Suierveld said.Suierveld called her 22-year-old daughter, who is a student at Miami University, in Oxford, Ohio, to share the news. Abby is in great health and remembers things the family taught her, Suierveld said. Speiring contacted Animal Protectors of Allegheny Valley, which discovered the dogs microchip and was able to contact Suierveld.

"Our results suggest that smoking bans may help start the process among people with lower socioeconomic status by making them more likely to try to quit smoking, but that more needs to be done to help translate it into successful smoking cessation," said Stephanie Mayne, from the Oxford University Press.People whose education level did not reach a bachelors degree did not experience a reduction in smoking levels.People in the lowest income bracket were about 15 per cent more likely to try to quit if they lived in an area where a ban was introduced.The research found that the bans were associated with high gains in quit attempts by smokers with low incomes. The data showed that the effects of the smoking ban were not uniform.However, the introduction of bans did increase the likelihood of trying to quit among lower income people.The study, published in the American Journal of Epidemiology, linked 25 years of health data collected from young-to-middle-aged smokers to a database on smoking bans. Overall, the bans appeared to be most effective at reducing smoking risk in people with higher levels of education.Among people with at least a bachelors degree, smoking fell by about 20 per cent China Polyester Oxford fabric Factory if they lived in areas where a ban was introduced.London: Smoking risk drops significantly in college graduates when they live near areas that have completely banned smoking in bars and restaurants, a study has found.

"There may therefore be valid reasons for some of the disparity.With self-care difficulties, women were 54 percent less likely to get breast cancer screenings than women without disabilities.People who reported any disability and also did not have access to a car were more likely to miss breast screenings."For disabled women, we found that not Polyester Oxford fabric Factory having access to a car was associated with especially low participation in breast screening but not in bowel screening, which makes sense," Floud added. This means the disparities might be more pronounced in the general population than in the study group, the authors note."If you have significant health or social problems in your life, cancer screening which offers a chance of benefit for only 1 in 1,000 or less may not be a priority for you," said Dr.Self-care difficulties also accounted for the biggest disparities in bowel cancer screenings; women with this type of disability were 38 percent less likely to get tested than women without disabilities.It’s possible that the location of screening and the logistics of getting evaluated may have influenced whether women got recommended tests, said lead study author Sarah Floud of the University of Oxford.

With vision impairment, women were 47 percent less likely to get breast screenings.Women with physical and mental disabilities may be less likely to receive recommended screenings for breast or bowel cancers than other patients, a UK study suggests.Women with disabilities that affected eyesight, mobility and the ability to take care of themselves were the least likely to take part in cancer screening, the study found.Researchers examined data on 445,579 women offered breast cancer screenings and 449,058 women offered bowel cancer screenings.During the study period from 2006 to 2011, the guidelines recommended breast cancer tests every three years for all women age 50 to 70."Costs might also keep women from getting screenings in countries outside the UK, where national health insurance pays for tests, Jorgensen said.One limitation of the study is that all of the participants were recruited through breast screening programs, so they had done this at least once in the past. Bowel cancer screenings were recommended every year for adults from age 60 to 69 at the start of the study, and the age limit was raised to 74 in 2010.Among nearly one million older women invited to get either breast or bowel screening, 23 percent had a physical disability limiting mobility, impaired vision or hearing, cognitive difficulties or challenges with daily tasks like dressing, bathing and eating, the study found."We wanted to compare participation in bowel screening with participation in breast screening, as breast screening is done in special clinics to which people have to travel and bowel screening is done at home using a kit posted to their home which has to be posted back to the screening centers," Floud said by email."

If a disability is linked to substantially shorter life expectancy, screening may be less relevant as its benefits often materialize only several years after the screening itself, Jorgensen said by email."Women with disabilities more often have socioeconomic challenges, have shorter education, and are less often married or have strong social networks than women without disabilities, all of which are associated with low participation," Jorgensen added.Researchers also lacked data on the reasons women didn’t get screening, which might be due to factors not explored in the study such as other medical conditions..For the study, researchers focused on older women who were offered screenings under UK guidelines. Karsten Juhl Jorgensen, deputy director of the Nordic Cochrane Centre and a researcher at Rigshospitalet in Copenhagen, who wasn’t involved in the study.Compared to women without any of these problems, women with disabilities were 36 percent less likely to get breast cancer screening and 25 percent less likely to get bowel cancer screening, researchers report in the British Journal of Cancer.

They may also inform strategies for prevention, but we need to do further work to understand why the differences in risk exist," she added. The observed links with obesity may be due to changes in hormone levels in obese men, which in turn may increase the risk of aggressive prostate cancer. This may have led to an underestimate of the prevalence of obesity.Perez-Cornago added that they also found that a healthy body weight is associated with a reduced risk of high grade prostate cancer and death from prostate cancer years later. The data included 7,024 incident prostate cancers, 726 high-grade and 1,388 advanced stage prostate cancers, and 934 prostate cancer deaths.Men who are tall and obese are at an increased risk of high grade prostate cancer and prostate cancer death, according to a recent study.The study is published in the open access journal BMC Medicine.

These results emphasize the importance of studying risks for prostate cancer separately by stage and grade of tumor.Further work is needed to understand whether the higher risk of aggressive prostate cancer in men with obesity is due to an increased risk of developing aggressive forms of the disease or to differences in prostate cancer detection.Lead author Aurora Perez-Cornago said that the finding of high risk in taller men may provide insights into the mechanisms underlying prostate cancer development, for example related to early nutrition and growth. Waist circumference, which is seen as a more accurate measure of obesity than BMI in older adults, was associated with an 18% greater risk of death from prostate cancer and a 13% greater risk of high grade cancer with every ten centimetres (3.The team led by the University of Oxford, UK found that while height was not associated with overall prostate cancer risk, risk of high grade disease and death from prostate cancer increased by 21% and 17% respectively with every additional ten centimetres (3.

The researchers used data from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), a prospective European cohort of 141,896 men, collected in eight countries - Denmark, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, the UK, Germany and Greece. However, the difference in prostate cancer may also be partly due to differences in prostate cancer detection in men with obesity."The data illustrate the complex association of adiposity and prostate cancer, which varies by disease aggressiveness. Nonetheless, waist circumference, which is seen as a more accurate measure of Fabric for backpack Manufacturers obesity than BMI in older adults, was associated with a greater risk of prostate cancer death and high grade disease.9 inches) increase in waist circumference.9 inches) of height.The authors caution that in older adults such as the participants in this study, who were on average 52 years or older, BMI as a measure of overweight and obesity may be less sensitive than in younger cohorts.Higher BMI was also found to be associated with increased risk of high grade tumours, as well as increased risk of death from prostate cancer.

"We started badly and it didnt really get better.Manchester City won an all-Premier League tie against Crystal Palace, last seasons losing finalists, 3-0 courtesy of goals from Raheem Sterling, Leroy Sane and Yaya Toure. And in the 36th minute, he made it 2-0 from the penalty spot following Cameron Carter-Vickerss foul on Sam Wood.Walcott completed his treble after the break, with the Gunners untroubled as manager Arsene Wenger served the first of a four-game touchline ban for misconduct.Minutes later, Chelsea were 2-0 up through Pedro.Meanwhile non-league Lincoln stunned Championship leaders Brighton 3-1 and third-tier Oxford upset second-tier Newcastle 3-0 as Blackburn defeated Blackpool 2-0 and Huddersfield thrashed Rochdale 4-0."Full credit to Wycombe, they were heroes," relieved Spurs manager Mauricio Pochettino told the BBC.Hayes fired Wycombe into a 23rd-minute lead with a fine volley.

But Son scored on the hour and four minutes later the north London side were level through a Vincent Janssen penalty after he was brought down in the box. Branislav Ivanovic made it 3-0 before Michy Batshuayis penalty nine minutes from time completed the scoring.England forward Theo Walcott scored a hat-trick against his former club as Arsenal won 5-0 away to Southampton in Saturdays late kick-off.But, having rarely threatened, a much-changed Liverpool pulled a goal back when Divock Origi scored from close range in Pu coated Oxford fabric Manufacturers the 86th minute following a corner.That, however, was good as it got for Liverpool, who have now won just one of their last eight matches in all competitions.Wolves were ahead in under a minute, Richard Stearman heading in a free-kick and, four minutes before half-time, Andreas Weimann finished an excellent counter-attack by the Midlands club."We were very bad," Liverpool boss Jurgen Klopp told BT Sport."For Wolves, victory gave them a second Premier League scalp in this seasons FA Cup after they beat Stoke City in the third round and manager Paul Lambert said: "Well enjoy the ride.FA Cup holders United are at home to Wigan on Sunday while non-league Sutton face Championship club Leeds.Defeat meant Liverpool, 10 points behind Premier League leaders Chelsea -- their next opponents at Anfield on Tuesday -- had been knocked out of two cup competitions in four days following their 2-0 aggregate loss to Southampton in Wednesdays League Cup semi-final.

Liverpool were knocked out of the FA Cup by Championship club Wolves as Tottenham survived a potential giant-killing of their own by twice coming from behind in a 4-3 win over fourth-tier Wycombe Wanderers.Saints manager Claude Puel, once a protege of fellow Frenchman Wenger, made 10 changes to the side that beat Liverpool but insisted he had little choice.Wilian gave Chelsea a 14th-minute lead with a free-kick  into the top corner.Wycombe were then cruelly denied even a replay when South Korea forward Son scored with a deflected shot seconds before the final whistle. "We had nine players not available and I had to protect some players.Seven-times FA Cup winners Liverpool lost 2-1 at home to second-tier Wolves as the Merseysiders season went from bad to worse."I have spent so much time on the bench that physically it is difficult to be far away, but the most important thing is Arsenal to win," said Wenger. We might get dismantled in the next game but the last two (FA Cup) games have been unbelievable."In other FA Cup ties, Premier League Burnley and Middlesbrough triumphed following 2-0 and 1-0 wins over lower league Bristol City and Accrington respectively.Wycombe, however, regained the lead though Gary Thompsons 83rd-minute header only, with two minutes of normal time left, for England midfielder Alli, on as a substitute, to make it 3-3.Elsewhere, Premier League giants Chelsea, Arsenal and Manchester City all made it comfortably through to the last 16."Heroes Wycombe threatened an even bigger upset as they surged into a 2-0 lead away to eight-times FA Cup winners Spurs thanks to two first-half goals from captain Paul Hayes only for Son Heung-Min, who scored twice, to grab the winning goal seven minutes into stoppage-time.First-half goals from Danny Welbeck, who scored twice in his first start since a knee injury in May, and Walcott put Arsenal 3-0 up.Chelsea kept their double hopes alive with a comfortable 4-0 fourth-round win at home to fellow west London club Brentford."I am responsible for the defeat," he said.